Academic Year: 2024-25

Home Automation Using Wireless Sensor Networks and IoT Technologies

Mini Project Report | Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science & Engineering (AI and DS)

1

Abstract

This project presents the design and implementation of a smart home automation system using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The system overcomes limitations of traditional wired systems by providing a flexible, scalable solution with real-time monitoring, remote control, and automation capabilities.

The implemented system integrates various sensors (temperature, humidity, gas, motion) with a NodeMCU microcontroller and Blynk IoT platform. Results demonstrate significant improvements in energy efficiency (30% reduction), responsiveness (2-4s command execution), and user convenience compared to conventional systems.

2

Introduction

Project Overview

Home automation refers to the use of technology to control and monitor household devices and systems automatically or remotely. This project transforms a conventional house into a smart home by adding convenience, security, and energy efficiency through WSN and IoT integration.

Smart Home Concept

Figure 1: Smart Home Automation Concept

Problem Statement

Conventional home automation systems face several limitations:

  • Reliance on wired infrastructure limits flexibility and scalability
  • Lack of integration with modern IoT devices results in fragmented functionality
  • Centralized control mechanisms create single points of failure
  • High installation and maintenance costs

Objectives

The primary objectives of this project are:

  • Design a wireless home automation system using WSN and IoT technologies
  • Implement real-time monitoring of environmental parameters
  • Enable remote control of home appliances
  • Improve home security with automated alerts
  • Optimize energy consumption through smart automation
3

Methodology

System Architecture

The system follows a layered architecture to ensure modularity and scalability:

1. Sensor Layer

Utilizes various sensors (DHT11, gas sensor, PIR motion sensor) for real-time environmental data collection.

2. Communication Layer

Wi-Fi modules (ESP8266) enable seamless wireless data transmission between devices and the central hub.

3. Processing Layer

NodeMCU microcontroller processes sensor data and executes control algorithms to manage connected devices.

4. Automation Layer

Implements predefined rules and responses based on sensor inputs (e.g., turn on lights when motion detected).

5. User Interface Layer

Web and mobile interfaces (Blynk platform) for monitoring and controlling the system remotely.

System Architecture

Figure 2: System Architecture Diagram

Technology Stack

Wireless Sensor Networks IoT Architecture ESP8266 NodeMCU Blynk Cloud Arduino IDE C++
4

Implementation

Hardware Components

The system integrates multiple components working in harmony to deliver smart home automation:

  • DHT11 sensor: Measures temperature and humidity with ±2°C accuracy
  • MQ-5 Gas sensor: Detects LPG, natural gas, and other combustible gases
  • PIR motion sensor: Detects human presence with 5m range
  • NodeMCU 1.0V: ESP8266-based microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi
  • Blynk IoT platform: Cloud-based control and monitoring interface
Circuit Diagram

Figure 3: Circuit Diagram of the System

Software Implementation

The system was programmed using Arduino IDE with C++ for the microcontroller. Key algorithms include:

Pseudo Code for Motion Detection

1. BEGIN
2. READ data from motion sensor
3. IF motion is detected THEN
4.    TURN ON green LED
5.    UPDATE Blynk with motion status
6.    PRINT "Motion Detected: Green LED ON"
7. ELSE
8.    TURN OFF green LED
9.    UPDATE Blynk with no motion status
10.   PRINT "No Motion: Green LED OFF"
11. END IF
12. END
Blynk Interface

Figure 4: Blynk Mobile Interface

5

Results and Discussion

System Performance

The implemented system was evaluated across several key metrics:

Metric Result Description
Response Time 2-4 seconds Average delay for remote commands execution
Energy Savings 30% reduction Compared to traditional systems
Device Integration 10+ devices Sensors and actuators successfully connected
User Satisfaction 9/10 rating Based on ease of use and convenience

Discussion

The project successfully demonstrated the feasibility of WSN and IoT for home automation. Key achievements include:

  • Real-time monitoring improved decision-making and system control
  • Automated scheduling optimized energy usage
  • Improved security features provided timely alerts

Challenges encountered:

  • Reliance on stable Wi-Fi connectivity
  • Initial setup costs for IoT devices and sensors
Final Circuit

Figure 5: Final Implemented Circuit

6

Conclusion and Future Work

Conclusion

This project successfully implemented a smart home automation system using WSN and IoT technologies. The system provides:

  • Real-time monitoring of environmental parameters
  • Remote control of home appliances
  • Energy optimization through automation
  • Enhanced security features

The solution demonstrates significant improvements over traditional wired systems in terms of flexibility, scalability, and user experience while maintaining cost-effectiveness.

Future Work

Several directions for future enhancement have been identified:

  • AI-Driven Automation: Implement machine learning for predictive automation
  • Voice Assistant Integration: Add support for Alexa/Google Assistant
  • Edge Computing: Reduce cloud dependence for faster response
  • Improved Security: Advanced encryption and intrusion detection
  • Energy Optimization: Incorporate renewable energy sources